♪♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪♪ >> COMING UP NEXT ON "ARIZONA HORIZON", A CLOSER LOOK AT THE DEPLOYMENT OF ICE AGENTS AT U.S.

AIRPORTS.

ALSO TONIGHT, NEW RESEARCH ON THE DEEP INTERIOR OF PLANETS LOOKS AT HOW WORLDS EVOLVE.

AND A NEW MURAL HONORS A LIFE AND DEATH THAT HELPED SPARK THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT.

THOSE STORIES AND MORE NEXT ON "ARIZONA HORIZON."

>> "ARIZONA HORIZON" IS MADE POSSIBLE BY CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE FRIENDS OF ARIZONA PBS, MEMBERS OF YOUR PUBLIC TELEVISION STATION.

>> GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO "ARIZONA HORIZON."

I'M TED SIMONS.

THE TRUMP ADMINISTRATION LAST WEEK SENT IMMIGRATION AND CUSTOMS ENFORCEMENT AGENTS TO AIRPORTS AROUND THE COUNTRY, INCLUDING SKY HARBOR HERE IN PHOENIX, TO HELP WITH THE SECURITY AMID THE CONTINUING PARTIAL GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN.

THAT SHUTDOWN LED TO AIRPORT SECURITY STAFF INCREASINGLY QUITTING OR CALLING OUT OF WORK.

JOINING US NOW IS FORMER ACTING DIRECTOR OF ICE AND D.H.S.

GENERAL COUNSEL JOHN SANDWEG.

GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

YOUR THOUGHTS ON THE DEPLOYMENT OF ICE AGENTS DOING WHAT THEY ARE DOING AT AIRPORTS?

>> WELL, THUS FAR I THINK IT'S GONE -- YOU KNOW, THERE ARE SOME POTENTIAL HERE FOR THIS TO BE A LITTLE BIT CHAOTIC GIVEN EVERYTHING THAT'S HAPPENED WITH ICE OVER THE LAST FEW MONTHS.

THUS FAR IT'S BEEN A PRETTY QUIET.

UNFORTUNATELY, THOUGH, KIND OF AS EXPECTED BECAUSE ICE AGENTS JUST ARE NOT TRAINED TO DO THAT SECURITY SCREENING BEFORE WE GET ON AN IRRELEVANT PLAIN.

IT'S HAD MINIMUM MALL IMPACT ON THE LINES.

OTHERWISE, YOU KNOWING, AGAIN, I THINK A LOT OF PREDICTIONS ABOUT CHAOS, IT'S BEEN FAIRLY SMOOTH.

>> WHAT ARE THE AGENTS CHARGED WITH DOING?

>> WELL, IT'S A MIX.

REMEMBER, TWO PRIMARY FUNCTIONS, ONE IS THE INVESTIGATION OF WHAT I WOULD SAY CROSS-BORDER CRIMES, THAT INCLUDES A WIDE AWAY RAY OF CRIMES FROM MONEY LAUNDERING, HUGH SPAN SMUGGLING, DROPPING CHIPS FOR GETTING INTO GUIDED MISSILE SYMPTOMS.

BUT THE AGENTS HAVE BEEN DEPLOYED TO THE AIRPORT APPEAR TO BE A MIX OF THOSE AGENTS.

SO, OF COURSE, THEY ARE NOT PAST DOING AVIATION SCREENING.

THEY ARE TASKED WITH DOING CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS AURA RESTING CRIMINAL ALIENS OFF THE STREET BUT WHILE THEY ARE AT THE AIRPORTS THEY ARE NOT PERFORMING THOSE FUNCTIONS.

THEY ARE THERE TO TRY TO ALLEVIATE FRESH UTAH TSA BECAUSE OF THE REDUCED STAFFING BECAUSE OF THE GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN.

>> AS YOU REFERRED TO EARLIER, I MEAN, ARE THEY TRAINED TO -- AGAIN, I AM STILL NOT SURE WHAT THEY ARE DOING.

THESE SORTS OF THINGS, THE TSA AGENTS GO THROUGH AN AWFUL LOT OF TRAINING.

HOW MUCH TRAINING DO THE ICE AGENTS HAVE.

>> ALMOST FUN.

TSA IS ABILITY I'VE SPECIALIZES JOB AS TOM HOMAN SAID,, THE BORDER CZAR SAID THEY CAN'T RUN THE X-RAYS.

THAT TAKES HUNDREDS OF HOURS AND TRAINING TO DO EFFECTIVELY.

BECAUSE OF ALL THE SENSITIVITIES WE DON'T WANT THEM DOING PAT DOWNS, SOMETHING SOMETHING TSA AGENTS WITH BEEN TRAINED TO DO SPECIFICALLY.

THE PROBLEM IS THAT LIMITS WHAT THE ICE AGENTS CAN DO FROM AN I'VE AREA SECURITY PERSPECTIVE.

THEY CAN PROVIDE PERIMETER SECURITY GUARDING EXITS, BE THE VISIBLE PRESENCE THAT CAN REDUCE THREATS, BUT UNFORTUNATELY DOESN'T DO MUCH TO REDUCE LINES.

THEY DID PUT ICE AGENTS TO DO THE IDENTIFICATION CHECKS YOU WALK UP AND PRESENT A AS LONG MAKE SURE YOUR NAME MATCHES THAT ON THE BOARDING PASS, OUTSIDE OF THAT THERE IS NOT MUCH MORE ICE AGENTS CAN DO.

THAT'S FROM AN OPERATIONAL PER PERSPECTIVE.

YOU SAID YOUR GOAL IS BY DEPLOYING THEM WE'LL SHRINK THE LINES, UNFORTUNATELY.

BECAUSE THEY CAN'T DO THOSE MORE SENSITIVE FUNCTIONS THAT THE TSA AGENTS DO, THEIR IMPACTS ON THE LINES IS DE MINIMUS, THAT'S WE SAW PLAY OUT.

IT DIDN'T HAVE MUCH OF AN IMPACT ON THE AIRPORT LINES.

>> IS IT POSSIBLE THAT PERHAPS HAVING ICE AGENTS EVEN PERIMETER SECURITY TAKES THE SECURITY EDGE OFF OF TSA AND ALLOWS TSA AGENTS TO GET BACK TO DOING WHAT THEY ARE SUPPOSED TO DO.

>> CERTAINLY SECURITY VALUE IN HAVING A VISIBLE PRESENCE, TIMES WITH AN ELEVATED THREATEN VIEW I REMEMBER IN A TRAIN STATION OR AIRPORT THAT'S PART OF THE SECURITY STRATEGY IS TO MAKE SURE THAT YOU HAVE ARMED FEDERAL AGENTS IN A VISIBLE MANNER JUST AS A DETERRENT.

UNFORTUNATELY THE GOAL WAS TO -- WE HAD FOUR-HOUR LINES YOU WANTED TO GET PASSENGERS THROUGH MORE QUICKLY AND THAT VISIBLE SECURITY PRESENCE DOESN'T FREE UP ENOUGH TSA AGENTS.

THERE WERE NOT ENOUGH TSA AGENTS DOING THE PERIMETER SECURITY FUNCTION THAT THE DEPLOYMENT OF ICE SPED THINGS UP, YOU NOW.

SO FROM AN OPERATIONAL SMIRK IF OPERATIONAL PERPERSPECTIVE.

THE SECURITY VALUE WAS THERE BUT IT DIDN'T MOVE THE NEEDLE MUCH IN MOVING THE LINES.

>> TODAY THE FIRST DAY IN A MONTH AND A HALF SOME OF THE TSA AGENTS ARE FINALLY GETTING BACK PAY AND THE LANES ARE NOT QUITE AS BAD AT SOME OF THE AIRPORTS AROUND THE COUNTRY.

BUT STILL THE LINES WERE LONG.

AND THEY STILL ARE ARE LONG.

IF NOT AS LONG.

LONG LINES, THAT'S A SECURITY CONCERN IN AND OF ITSELF, IS IT NOT.

>> CREDIT TO THE TSA AGENTS.

THEY HAVE A TOUGH JOB.

THAT'S A JOB WHERE YOU GET A LOT OF -- YOU DEAL WITH FRUSTRATED, STRESSED OUT PASSENGERS.

THEY WERE NOT GETTING PAID BUT SHOWED FOUND A MONTH.

IT WASN'T UNTIL WE WERE -- WEEKS WITHOUT CONGRESSIONAL FUNDING FOR TSA.

THAT WE STARTED SEEING OFFICERS CALLING IN SICK.

UNFORTUNATELY, ALTHOUGH NOW THE PRESIDENT HAS COME UP WITH THIS SOLUTION TO PAY THE TSA AGENT, IT'S NOT CLEAR THAT'S A LONG-TERM FIX.

WE DON'T HAVE AN APPROPRIATIONS FOR D.H.S.

AND AT THE SAME TIME, YOU KNOW, I WILL TELL YOU, HAVING GONE THROUGH GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWNS DURING MY TIME AT D.H.S.

IT HAS AN IMPACT ON MORAL A. THE TSA AGENTS I FEEL LIKE LOOK AND SAY DOES ANYONE REALLY CARE ABOUT MY JOB IF CONGRESS CAN'T EVEN PASS LEGISLATION TO PAY MY SALARY?

>> YEAH, INDEED.

AND AS FAR AS ARRESTING AND DETAINING IMMIGRANTS, ARE WE SEEING ICE AGENTS DOING THESE SORTS OF THINGS AT AIRPORTS?

>> NOT YET.

OF COURSE, THAT I THINK -- LOOK, YOU WILL SEE IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT AT TSA CHECK POINTS DOWN BY THE U.S.

BORDER.

CORE FUSS CHRISTY OR PUERTO RICO BORDER PATROL AGENTS WILL SOMETIMES STAFF THE TSA CHECK POINT THIS IS FOR IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT PURPOSES.

THUS FAR THE ADMINISTRATION HAS MADE A CONSCIOUS DECISION NOT TO DO IT.

THERE HAVE BEEN A COUPLE OF ARRESTS HERE AND THERE AS I UNDERSTAND IT.

WE HAVE NOT SEEN THIS BEING USED AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO, YOU KNOW, TO USE THOSE TSA CHECK POINTS TO IDENTIFY PEOPLE WHO COULD BE IN THE COUNTRY UNLAWFULLY AN IMMIGRATION ARREST.

I THINK THAT HAD PEOPLE CONCERNED.

I THINK PART OF WHY THE PRESIDENT ORDERED THIS WAS TO PUT A LITTLE POLITICAL PRESSURE OUT THERE ON CONGRESS TO MAKE A DEAL.

THE IDEA THAT ICE AGENTS MIGHT DO IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT AT TSA CHECK POINTS.

IT'S ONE OF THOSE RARE PLACES IN AMERICA WHERE WE NEED TO PRESENTS I.D.

THUS FAR IT HAS NOT OCCURRED, REALLY QUICKLY, IF WE SAW THIS AS AN OPPORTUNITY FOR IMMIGRATION ENFORCEMENT THAT WOULD LEND CHAOS TO AIRPORTS AND MAKE THOSE LINES EVEN LONGER.

ESPECIALLY WITH THE CONFUSION WHEN A PASSENGER PRESENTS, YOU KNOW, SOMEONE IS HERE LAWFULLY BUT PRESENT A FOREIGN PASSPORT OR SOMETHING THAT DOESN'T SHOW THAT THEY ARE CLEARLY A U.S.

CITIZEN.

>> ARE YOU HEARING REPORTS OF TSA AGENTS MIGHT BE CLUEING IN ICE, MAYBE WATCHED THIS PERSON OR WATCH THAT?

ARE THEY WORKING TOGETHER ON IMMIGRATION ACTIVITY AT THE AIRPORTS?

>> I DON'T THINK SO.

NOT YET.

AGAIN, A COUPLE OF LIMITED CASES.

IT WASN'T CLEAR WHETHER OR NOT THE PERSON WAS TARGETED ANYWAY.

BUT I THINK IF WE WERE SEEING THAT, WHAT YOU WOULD BE SEEING IS WHEN YOU PRESENT THAT IDENTIFICATION TO TSA IF YOU ARE PRESENTING A FOREIGN PASSPORT OR PRESENTING AN I.D.

THAT IS NOT REAL I.D.

COMPLIANT.

DOESN'T CERTIFICATE THAT YOU ARE LAWFULLY PRESENT IN THE UNITED STATES, THAT THEY WOULD SUMMON OVER ICE AGENTS.

THUS FAR MAYBE WITH A COUPLE OF EXCEPTIONS WHERE THERE ARE REPORTS OF ONE OR TWO HERE OR THERE, OF IMMIGRATION ARRESTS, WE HAVE NOT SEEN IT BEING USED AS AN OPPORTUNITY TO TRY TO MAKE WIDESPREAD ARRESTS.

BUT, AGAIN, THE ADMINISTRATION -- THE -- YOU KNOW, RECENTLY RECOMMITTED WITH THE TERMINATION OF SECRETARY NOPE WITH THE FOCUS ILLEGAL ALIENS.

IF YOU WERE TO USE THE AIRPORTS AS CHECK POINTS IT MIGHT BE EFFECTIVE MAKING SOME ARRESTS OF UNDOCUMENTED I WANT GRANTS.

THAT'S NOT A TACTIC THAT WOULD BE EFFECTIVE IN FINDING PEOPLE WITH A CRIMINAL HISTORY.

YOU ARE NOT GOING TO FIND MANY OF THEM TRAVELING THROUGH THE AIRPORTS, YOU WOULD JUST END UP -- YOU MIGHT MAKE SOME A REFTZ BUT REALLY WOULD ADD MORE CHAOS AND DELAY AT THE TS ACTUAL CHECK POINT AND HAVE THE OPPOSITE EFFECT OF WHAT THE ADMINISTRATION WANTED.

>> I WOULD BE REMISS IF I DIDN'T ASK YOU ABOUT YOUR OVERALL THOUGHTS REGARDING ICE AND BORDER PATROL OVERALL.

ARE GUARDRAILS NEEDED FROM WHAT YOU HAVE SEEN SO FAR?

REPUBLICANS SAY CONCESSIONS HAVE BEEN MADE MERE, FORMER SECRETARY NOEM IS OUT, BOW FINE OWE RETIRED, THE GUY KIND OF IN CHARGE OF THE MINNEAPOLIS MESS, HE'S GONE TOO.

SOME REPUBLICANS SAY ANSWER MOVING FORWARD AS MUCH AS WE CAN ON THIS.

ANY OF THAT MAKE SENSE?

>> I THINK WE SAW THE WAY IN WHICH THE ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS WERE CONDUCTED IN MINNEAPOLIS, IN MY OPINION, DISASTROUS.

IT WAS NOT EFFECTIVE LAW ENFORCEMENT, IT WAS ROVING PATROLS DESIGNED TO MAKE AS MANY ARRESTS AS POSSIBLE.

NOT THAT MORE TARGETED ENFORCE.

THAT I THINK ICE DOES REALLY WELL.

ICE PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE IN OUR SOCIETY IN THAT IT CAN GET DANGEROUS INDIVIDUALS WHO HAVE NO LEGAL RIGHT TO BE IN THIS COUNTRY OFF THE STREETS.

UNFORTUNATELY THE WAY SECRETARY NOEM DEPLOYED THE AGENCY.

PUT THESE AGENTS IN A POSITION WHERE THEY WERE FORCED TO DO THINGS THEY HAVE NEVER NORMALLY DONE AND UNFORTUNATELY WE SAW REPORTS OF.

THE CHAOTIC SCENES AND THE DEATH OF TWO PEOPLE.

I AM ENCOURAGED BY MULLINS AND I UNDERSTAND WHY THE DEMOCRATS ARE TAKING THIS STAND IN TERMS OF REFORMS THAT THEY WANT TO IMPOSE, THESE GUARDRAILSES.

UNFORTUNATELY, IT'S REALLY HARD, EVENING IF THE DEMOCRATS WERE SUCCESSFUL IN GETTING THOSE NEW GUARDRAILS IN PLACE, THE BOTTOM LINE IS THAT IT'S ABOUT -- AT THE END OF THE DAY IT'S ABOUT CULTURE, IT'S ABOUT HOW YOU DELIGHT THEM.

AND IT'S HARD FOR CONGRESS TO PUT IN PLACE GUARDRAILS THAT WILL BE TRULY EFFECTIVE BUT I THINK ENCOURAGED BY EVERYTHING SENATOR MULLIN SAID DURING HIS CONFIRMATION HEARING, NOW SECRETARY, EXCUSE APPROXIMATE ME, HE SAID AND WANTING TO GET BACK TOY A DARLINGED IT-BASE APPROACH TRULY FOCUS ODD WORST OF THE WORST ICE GETTING BACK TO BE A PUBLIC SAFETY ORGANIZATION OUT THERE AT THE DESIGNED TO PROTECTS ALL AMERICANS NOT TO BE VIEWED AS A POLITICAL APPARATUS OF ANY ONE OF THE PARTIES.

THAT'S THE CULTURE THAT THEY HAVE HISTORICALLY HAD.

THAT WILL SOLVE THE PROBLEMS BETTER THAN ANYTHING UNFORTUNATELY CONGRESS CAN DO.

>> GREAT INFORMING, JOHN SANDWEG THANK YOU FOR JOINING US ACTING DIRECTOR OF ICE UNDER PRESIDENT OBAMA.

BUT ZONE.

WE APPRECIATE YOU.

>> THANK YOU.

>> ATTENTION ARIZONA PBS VIEWERS IN THE SHOW LOW AREA, YOU CAN SOON WATCH YOUR YOU BE PUBLIC TELL ADVANTAGES STATION A NEW CHANNEL WAY MORE POWERFUL SIGNAL.

SHOW LOW VIEWERS WILL NEED TO TURN TO CHANCE 35 TO WATCH ARIZONA PBS.

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UPGRADES ARE BEING MADE TO THE ANTENNA.

MEAN MEANING YOU SHOULD RECEIVE A MORE CLEAR SIGNAL WITH BETTER UP TIMES.

FOR MORE INFORMATION VISIT AZPBS.ORG/SHOW LOW.

>> AN ASU RESEARCHER IS USING HIGH-PRESSURE INSTRUMENTS TO RECREATE WHAT HAPPENS TO ROCKS, MINERALS AND WATER DEEP INSIDE THE EARTH AND OTHER PLANETS.

THE GOAL IS TO BETTER UNDERSTAND HOW WORLD EVOLVE AND REMAIN HABITABLE.

>> THAT RESEARCH IS, CONDUCTED BY OUR NEXT GUEST, FROM ASU'S SCHOOL OF EARTH SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION, AND ALSO FROM MOLECULAR -- ASU SCHOOL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, YOU ARE A BUSY MAN UTE THERE.

THANKS FOR BEING HERE, WHAT ARE YOU DOING?

RECREATING -- NOT JUST THE CRUST AND THE -- WAY DOWN THERE, HUH?

>> YES.

INSIDE EARTH OR OTHER PLANETARY, WHEN YOU LOOK DEEP INTO THE INTERIOR.

THE EN REQUIREMENT IS SO DIFFERENT FROM WHAT WE HAVE AT SURFACE THE TEMPERATURE IS VERY HIGH.

THE PRESSURE IS ALSO VERY HIGH.

>> WHAT YOU ARE DOING IS HIM I THINK YOUR RESEARCH NOW IS MIMICKING THAT ENVIRONMENT?

>> YES, IT IS.

>> HOW ARE YOU DOING THAT?

>> AT ASU WE HAVE A NEW HIGH-PRESSURE PROJECT CALLED FORCE.

WE SET UP A LOT OF VERY EXCITING HIGH-PRESSURE MACHINE AND AND BEING DOING THAT EXCUSING THAT AND USING OTHER PRESSURE MEDIUM TO GENERATE HIGH PRESSURE AND USE ELECTRICAL CURRENT TO GENERATE HIGH TEMPERATURE.

>> SO THE HIGH TEMPERATURE AND THE PRESSURE THERE REALLY COMPACTS THINGS TO HOW FAR DOWN IN THE EARTH?

>> SO FAR WE HAVE DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES GOING FROM THE EARTH SURFACE TO THE EARTH CORE MAIN BOUNDARY.

>> THAT'S -- HOW FAR IS THAT?

HOW MANY NOT CALL MILES OR VERTICAL MILES WOULD THAT BE I SHOULD SAY?

>> A COUPLE OF THOUSAND KILL MEATER.

>> UNION WHAT THAT IS BUT SOUNDS LIKE A LONG WAY.

>> EXACTLY.

>> IF YOU FIND OUT WHAT'S HAPPENING DOWN THERE, THAT ELS US WHAT REGARDING OTHER PLAN NETS.

>> WHAT WE ARE DOING IS RESEARCH TO MARS.

MARS SURFACE WAS DRY BUT THERE WAS EVIDENCE SHOWING LIQUID WATER IN THE SURFACE OF MARS BEFORE.

WHY DID IT GO?

>> YEAH.

>> WHY EARTH STILL HAVE LICK I HAD WATER ON THE SURFACE.

WILL EARTH BECOME MARKS LATER ALL OF THOSE THINGS ARE HIGHLY RELATED TO THE INTERIOR PROCESS.

AND THAT IS WHAT WE ARE DOING.

>> YOU MENTIONED MARS AND HOME I WE DON'T BECOME MARS ANY TIME SOON.

BUT THERE IS A CHANCE.

MARS IS KIND OF A SISTER PLANET TO EARTH, ISN'T?

>> YES, IT IS.

AND HOW SO?

>> IF YOU LOOK AT ORBIT OF MARS AND EARTH IT'S NEXT TO EACH ONE AND ALSO IF YOU LOOK AT THE SIZE, THE SIZE OF THE MARS.

NOT JUST A LITTLE BIT.

IT'S SMALLER THAN THE EVENING.

BUT SOME RESEARCH JUST SHOWING THE ENVIRONMENT, GIVEN THE HISTORY SO THOSE TWO PLANETS HAVE QUITE SIMILAR ENVIRONMENT OR EVOLUTIONARY PASSES, WHICH IS VERY CLOTH TO EACH OTHER.

SO THIS IS WHY PEOPLE ARE SAYING THIS IS SISTER PLANET.

>> SO THE STUDY BASICALLY SAYS COULD THE EARTH, AS YOU MENTIONED, LOSE OUR WATER IN THE SAME WAY THAT MARS DID?

>> WE DON'T KNOW YET.

>> YEAH.

>> WE DON'T KNOW YET.

BUT WE HAVE SOME EVIDENCE SUGGESTING THERE MIGHT BE SOME WATER STORED, WATER MEANS WATER MOLECULES, STORED INSIDE THE MARS INTERIOR.

SO EVEN WE DIDN'T SEE IT ON THE SURFACE, THERE IS A CHANCE IT'S ACTUALLY INSIDE OF IT.

>> WHAT ABOUT EARTH'S MAGNETIC I CAN FIELD.

COULD THAT BE -- IS THAT SOMETHING THAT COULD BE LOST?

IS THAT SOMETHING THAT YOU COULD LEARN WITH THIS RESEARCH?

>> YEAH.

THAT'S A VERY INTERESTING TOPIC, WE ARE LOOKING INTO THAT RIGHT NOW.

WHAT WE ARE DOING IS BECAUSE RIGHT NOW MARS DOES NO NOT HAVE A MAGNETIC FIELD, BUT EARTH HAS.

SO WHY?

WE ARE ACTUALLY LOOKING AT THE MARS DOCUMENTARY TO SEE WHETHER THE WATER CAN BE STORED IN THE CORE SIDE OF THE MARS AND WHETHER THOSE WATER CAN INTERFERING WITH SOME [ INAUDIBLE ] AND FINALLY MAKE THOSE MAGNETIC FIELD DISAPPEAR.

SO IF WE LEARN ABOUT THAT BETTER, THEN WE CAN GO BACK TO THE EARTH TO SEE, HEY, THIS HAPPENED IN MARS, WHETHER WE CAN ALSO MAKE THIS HAPPEN IN THE EARTH.

OR WE DON'T WANT IT HAPPENING HERE ON EARTH.

>> YEAH, NO.

PLEASE IN THE ANY TIME SOON.

LAST QUESTION HERE.

IT IS INTERESTING IN THAT WE ARE ALL LACKING OUT AND WE ARE ALL LOOKING AROUND AND EVEN UNDERWATER AND STUFF.

BUT AS FAR AS THE EARTH'S INTERIOR, THERE IS NOT A LOT OF RESEARCH DOWN THERE, IS THERE?

>> YEAH.

SO SO FAR WE -- I WOULD SAY NOT A SELF DEPOSIT YET.

SO THE REAL PROVEN TO DETECTING THE EARTH IS WE CANNOT JUST DIRECTLY DRILL THROUGH THE EARTH.

THERE IS A HUGE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTY OUT OF THAT.

SO THE ONLY WAY WE CAN DO THAT IS DOING SOME INDIRECT RESEARCH LIKE EARTHQUAKE WAVE TO TAKE A LOOK WHAT'S GOING ON INSIDE.

SO WHAT WE ARE DOING AT ASU IS WE ARE JUST DOING SOME EXPERIMENT TO SEE WHETHER WE CAN INTERPRET THOSE EARTHQUAKE WAVE AND WHETHER WE CAN GENERATE SOME ENVIRONMENT THAT CLOSE TO WHAT IS GOING ON REALLY IN THE EARTH ENTIRE AREA.

>> INDEED.

AND THUS YOUR STUDY AND YOUR RESEARCH, SIBO CHEN, FROM ASU, GOOD TO HAVE YOU HERE, CONGRATULATIONS ON YOUR RESEARCH.

AND KEEP IT UP.

>> THANK YOU.

THANK YOU FOR HAVING ME HERE.

>> YOU BET.

♪♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪♪ ♪♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪♪ >> A NEW NEURAL A GREATER BETHEL AME CHURCH HONORED EMMITT TILL, THE 14-YEAR-OLD BOY THAT WAS NERD ED IN 195 THAT MURDER HELPED SPARK THE SAME RIGHTS MOVE.

PAINED BY OUR GUEST, LONG-TIME LOCAL ARTIST MAGGIE KEANE I HAVE NOT SEEN IN A LONG TIME.

>> IT'S BEEN A WHILE.

>> AND YOU HAVE BEEN PAINTING A WHILE, HAVEN'T YOU?

>> I HAVE BEEN PAINTING FOR A MINUTE.

>> A COMPANY MINUTES.

LET'S TALK ABOUT THIS ONE NOW.

IF YOU ARE DRIVING ON 40th STREET BETWEEN SOUTHERN AND BASELINE YOU CAN SEE THIS MURAL AT THE CHURCH, CORRECT?

>> IT'S A GREAT SPOT.

IT'S JUST OUT THERE BY ITSELF.

LACK RIGHT AT THE ROAD ON A REALLY MEYERS CHURCH.

>> I DROVE BY IT AND I THOUGHT WE WERE GOING TO BE TALKING ABOUT IN.

>> WHY EMMITT TILL, WHY THIS CHURCH.

TALK ABOUT THE PROCESS.

>> THE PROCESS STARTED BY THE SHINING LIGHT FOUNDATION WHO HAS BEEN BEHIND ALL THE BLACK HISTORY MATTERS MURALS GOING UP.

AND EMMETT TILL WAS GOING TO BE PAINTED EVENTUALLY.

YOU KNOW, YOU CAN'T LEAVE EMMETT TELL OUT.

WHEN THAT ITEM CAME AROUND I WANT TO DO EMMET TILL.

SO I DESIGNED THAT YEAR AND SHE FOUL THE WALL AND IT TAME CAME TOGETHER THIS YEAR.

>> WAS THAT ALL YOUR DESIGN?

DID THEY SAY I WANT THIS, I DON'T WANT THAT.

>> I WENT ONLINE AND FOUND SOME IMAGES AND I WANTED TO INCLUDING SOME COURT DOCUMENTS AND FLINGS LIKE THAT AND -- THINGS LIKE THAT.

AND WE PUT IT TOGETHER AND SHE'S IN TOUCH WITH MEMBERS OF THE FAMILIES OF THESE MURALS.

SO SHE SENT THE DESIGN TO SOME FAMILY MEMBERS OF EMMITT STILL THEY SAID IT'S GREAT.

MAYBE YOU IT TAKE THAT OUT AND MUTT THIS IN IT WOULD BE.

IT WORKS LIKE THAT.

>> I WAS GOING TO ASK IF YOU HAD MUCH INPUT.

THERE WAS SOME.

HOW LONG DO IT TAKE?

HOW LONG DID IT TAKE FROM FIGURING OUT WHAT YOU WANTED TO DO GETTING THAT RESULT?

>> I FIGURED OUT WHAT I WANTED TO DO OVER A YEAR AGO.

AND IT WAS PUT ASIDE UNTIL WE HAD THE BUILDING AND THE TIME TO DO IT.

AND WHEN I GOT STARTED I THINK IT WAS THREE WEEKS.

>> THAT'S JUST THREE WEEKS?

>> UH-HUH.

>> YOU REALLY DID KNOW WHAT YOU WERE DOING.

I ALWAYS WONDER ABOUT THIS WITH A MUIR, MAYBE WORRY.

WONDER ABOUT IT MOST.

YOU SEE SOMETHING LIKE THIS, AND YOU GO, THIS IS PERFECT, THIS IS -- WAS THIS AS YOU ENVISIONED?

WHEN YOU BEEN A MURAL AND PUT IT TOGETHER IN YOUR MIND OR EVEN SKETCH IT OUT ON PAPER OR WHATEVER, DO THEY ALWAYS TURN OUT THE WAY -- OR ARE THERE SURPRISES?

>> IN PUTTING IT TOGETHER?

>> YEAH, JUST IN THE END RESULT?

>> SURPRISES IN THE END RESULT?

>> YEAH.

>> WELL, WE HAD SOME INPUT FROM THE FAMILY THAT HE LIKED BASEBALL.

THERE WAS ANOTHER IMAGE IN THERE THAT WAS TAKEN OUT AND PUT -- WE PUT THE BASEBALL I THINK IN.

AND THAT HE HELPED HIS GRANDMOTHER WITH WITH HER GROCERIES A LOT.

AND HELPED OTHER PEOPLE CARRY THE THEIR GROCERIES AND THINGS LIKE THAT.

YEAH.

>> THERE WERE NO SURPRISES ONCE YOU GOT IT UP THERE THIS IS EXACTLY WHAT I WANTED?

>> PRETTY MUCH.

>> YEAH.

>> YEAH.

>> AND EXACTLY WHAT OTHER PEOPLE WERE RESPONSIBLE WANTED TOO?

>> HOPEFULLY.

NO, THEY ARE HAPPY WITH IT.

>> YOU HAVE DONE A LOT OF MURALS AND A LOT OF WORK AROUND DOWN.

DOES IT ALWAYS WORK THAT WAY?

ARE CERTAIN PROJECTS MORE DIFFICULT?

SOME PROJECTS MORE EASY?

HOW DOES THAT -- >> WELL, WHAT MAKES A PROJECT DIFFICULT IS HEIGHT.

IF YOU NEED TO BRING IN SCAFFOLDING OR A LIFT OR IF IT'S WAY HIGH, YOU KNOW, A CHERRY PICKER OR SOMETHING LIKE THAT.

THAT MAKES IT DIFFICULT.

>> YEAH.

>> IF IT'S IN A PLACE WHERE IT'S COLD, OR HERE IN FINE, DON'T WORK TOO MUCH IN THE SUMMERTIME.

>> NO.

>> IT'S DANGEROUS.

>> YES.

>> OH, YOU HAVE TO REALLY CHANGE YOUR SCHEDULE AROUND.

>> I AM LOOKING AT THE MURAL AND DOWN AT THE BOTTOM RIGHT-HAND CORNER NOW SEEING HAND PRINTS DOWN THERE.

TALK TO US ABOUT THOSE.

>> THOSE ARE THE HAND PRINTS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE CHURCH.

AND THEY WERE VERY RECEPTIVE TO HAVING THIS MURAL ON THAT YOU ARE WAIL AND THEY ARE A VERY INCLUSIVE TYPE OF CHURCH, COMMUNITY.

>> WERE THEY MEMBERS OR KIDS?

>> YEAH, KIDS.

PARENTS.

>> YEAH.

>> YEAH.

>> SO BY THE WAY, WEREN'T YOU A COURTROOM SKETCH ARTIST?

>> I STILL AM.

>> YOU KEEP THAT GOING AS WELL.

>> YEAH.

YEAH, CAN'T MAKE A LIVING THAT.

IT'S SO INNING FREQUENT.

BUT WHEN I GOT CALLED AIM HAPPY TO GO.

>> CONGRATULATIONS, AGAIN ON SO MUCH GREAT.

LAST QUESTION HERE, WHAT DO YOU WANT PEOPLE TO TAKE FROM THIS?

>> IT SHOULD NOT HAVE HAPPENED.

AND WE SHOULD NOT LET IT HAPPEN AGAIN.

IT -- WE SHOULD TAKE A -- YOU KNOW, A GOOD LOOK AT WHAT THAT STARTED, YOU KNOW.

WHEN ROSA PARKS WAS TOLD TO SIT IN THE BACK OF THE BUS SHE THOUGHT OF EMMET TILL AND DID NOT GO TO THE BACK OF THE BUS.

>> WE WILL END IT RIGHT THERE.

GREAT WORK, MAYBEY, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR SHARING.

>> THEIRS,, TED.

>> WE APPRECIATE.

THAT'S IT FOR NOW I AM TED SIMONS, THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR JOINING US.

YOU HAVE A GREAT EVENING.

♪♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪♪ ♪♪ MUSIC PLAYING ♪♪ >> THANKS TO FINANCIAL SUPPORT FROM YOU AND