NICK SCHIFRIN: Good evening.

I'm Nick Schifrin.# Geoff Bennett and Amna Nawaz are away.

On the "NewsHour" tonight: Israel# and Hamas prepare to pause fighting## and exchange hostages for prisoners at a# pivotal moment after seven weeks of war.

Taking stock of the labor movement following# major recent wins, but still facing challenges.

And Southeast Asia struggles to control the## flood of imported plastic waste# that's supposed VARAWUT SILPA-ARCHA, Former Thai Former# Minister of Natural Resources: pl ease deal with your mess.

Don't dump it# on s it's not just us that's going to# be affected.

It's you as well.

(BREAK) NICK SCHIFRIN: Welcome to the "NewsHour."

After 48 days of war, 48 day final hours before the guns are scheduled to go# silent in Gaza.

At midnight Eastern time tonight,## Israel has committed to pause its military# campaign.

And, tomorrow, at 9:00 a.m. Eastern,## Hamas is committed to release 13 hostages it# kidnapped during the October 7 terrorist attack.

Until then, the war continues.

In the hours before the gun cease,# the tanks and the military bulldozers## roll on.

Israeli soldiers continue their# ground invasion today in Northern Gaza's## residential neighborhoods that Hamas# uses to fight and store its weapons.

Israel's top soldier,# Lieutenant General Herzi Halevi,## said military pressure had helped# force Hamas to release hostages.

LT. GEN. HERZI HALEVI, Chief of Staff, Israeli# Defense Forces (through translator): We are not## endi NICK SCHIFRIN: Hamas uses residential# neighborhoods to fight block to block.## It released this video showing attacks on Israeli## troops.

Israel's air campaign continued# as well, with The IDF released black-and-white videos of its# targeting senior Hamas commanders.

On the ground,## Palestinians picked through the# rubble of what they say was a## residential building.

This is Rafah in# the south, where man BOY (through translator): What# is there to say?

They destroyed## the building on top of us.

What is there to say?

NICK SCHIFRIN: They desperately searched for## the living, but mostly p Israel's offensive is set to# stop at 7:00 a.m. local tomorrow,## when it will also allow more humanitarian# aid trucks to reach Gaza.

At 4:00 p Hamas vows to release 13 women# and children.

Releases and the## military pause will continue for four days,# until 50 children and women are released.

And for each additional 10 children# and women that Hamas releases, Israel## would hold fire for an additional# day.

It was mediated by Qatar,## which hopes the four-day plan# becomes a permanent cease-fire.

MAJED AL-ANSARI, Qatari Foreign# Ministry Spokesman: We are hoping## th further and more deep negotiations# towards an end to this violence.

NICK SCHIFRIN: The violence began# in kibbutzim such as Be'eri,## visited today by British Foreign Secretary# and former Prime The neighborhood is still burned out# and abandoned, after residents were## massacred and kidnapped 48 days ago.

With# the first hostage released just hours away,# the Gonen family anxiously hopes to# be reunited with 23-year-old Romi.

Her## parents, Eitan and Meirav, spend time in her empty# bedroom.

Right now, all they have are pictures.

EITAN GONEN, Father of Suspected Hamas# Hostage: We worry a lot about Romi.

We## miss Romi a lot.

I miss Romi a lot.# Romi has a free spirit.

She needs## to be free all the time.

Every# kid, every child should be free.

NICK SCHIFRIN: In Tel Aviv# today, demonstrators prayed## that tomorrow's release would# lead to all ho Nili Bresler is an English# teacher of one of the hostages.

NILI BRESLER, Teacher of Suspected Hamas Hostage:# I just want to see all of them to come back.

But the first group# of children will start breathing again, I think.

NICK SCHIFRIN: And so it is in Gaza,## where the Al Salawat family is ce ase-fire.

They fled from their home, then to a# U.N.-school-turned-shelter, and now to this tent.

OMAR AL SALAWAT, Internally Displaced Palestinian# (through translator): want a complete cease-fire.## We don't want a four-day truce.

ch ildren safe and sound.

Take us back# home and implement a full cease-fire.

NICK SCHIFRIN: As part of the# deal, Israel will also release## 150 Palestinians it currently holds in det For more on the pause and# what it means for the region,## I turn to Jordan's for more on former# Foreign Minist Marwan Muasher, thank you very much.# Welcome back to the "NewsHour."

How important is this moment, not# only for the war, but for the MA RWAN MUASHER, Former Jordanian Foreign Minister:# It is an important moment for Gaza is in desperate need for troops# to be able to bring in food, medicine,## fuel to the strip.

But it's more important# also, in that people hope that this is,## yes, a four-day truce, but one that# hopefully might turn into a permanent one.

And there are many efforts by# several people in the region,## including King Abdullah of Jordan and# President Sisi of Egypt, who met yesterday,## precisely to talk about diplomatic efforts aimed# at converting this truce into a permanent one.

NICK SCHIFRIN: We heard that# from the Qataris as well,## but Israel vows to continue its# op the complete destruction of Hamas# both militarily and politically.

U.S. officials support the idea of Israel's# goals as well, but U.S. officials char the deal as incentivizing Hamas to release# more hostages.

Could subsequent hostage deals## be possible, or are they going to be,# in fact, more difficult than this one?

MARWAN MUASHER: I think it's entirely# possible, and Hamas has already said that,## that there will be more deals to release hostages.

But I think, with every phase, with every deal,# things are going to get more difficult.

Remember,## Hamas does not have an interest in# releasing all hostages.

This is a## negotiating card.

If they do that, then# they are prone to more bombing by Israel.

NICK SCHIFRIN: The hostage situation is# also difficult by the fact that Hamas## has admitted to Qatari negotiators that# it does not have control o all 90 or so women and children# that are being held inside Gaza.

How complicated is the effort overall to release,# at the very least, these 90 women and children?

MARWAN MUASHER: Well, I hope that all# women and children will be released,## and, frankly, on both sides.

One did not also know that Israel is holding# a lot of people under 19 yea mostly people who have been throwing rocks,# nothing serious.

But I think that I hope## for a deal in which all hostages# will be released on both sides.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Israel has two different# categories of detainees it has,## both administrative detainees and# those it has arrested.

And there## are hundreds who are on the list# to be possibly released tonight.

In terms of the region, last weekend, Jordan's# King Abdullah warned the conflict could expand## if the operation in Gaza continues.

How# high is that concern for regional expansion?

MARWAN MUASHER: Look, there# are two areas of concern, Nick.

One is that the conflict might extend# into Lebanon.

And we are already se escalations on the Lebanese border,# although I still remain hopeful that## there are enough indications to suggest that# the conflict will not extend to Lebanon.

The## United States does not want it to extend,# does not want it extended into Lebanon.

And I think it is exerting real pressure on# Israel not to escalate.

Iran and Hezbollah,## on the other side, also have no interest in# expanding the conflict there.

I'm more worried## about expanding the conflict to the West Bank,# frankly.

We are already seeing groups of settlers## supported by the Israeli forces that are going# into Palestinian villages and kicking people out.

I'm very worried.

Jordan is worried,# and Egypt is worried also, that we are## seeing what might be an Israeli attempt# to have a mass transfer of Palestinians## from Gaza to Egypt and from the West Bank# to Jordan.

I think that is the worry.

And## U.S. administration have already privately# admitted that Jordan and Egypt are justified## in these concerns and have publicly warned# Israel not to engage in any such operations.

NICK SCHIFRIN: What you just suggested# is not official Israeli policy.

The intelligence minister in Israel, who is not a# member of the Cabinet, did recently suggest t instead of bringing the Palestinian# Authority to Gaza, Israel should advocate## for -- quote -- "the voluntary resettlement# of Palestinians in Gaza outside the strip."

Again, not official policy, but is that where# Jordanian and Egyptian concerns come from?

MARWAN MUASHER: Look, logically, if Israel does# not want to end the occupation and establish a## Palestinian state on Palestinian territory, and# if it also does not want a Palestinian majority,## something it already has in areas# under its control, then, logically,## Israel is going to attempt a mass transfer# of Palestinians out of Palestinian territory.

And, yes, it is that very concerned by Jordan# and Egypt that Israel might attempt to empty## the West Bank and Gaza of Palestinian# population.

Fortunately, until now,## the Palestinians have learned their lesson# from 1948, when they were expelled because## of the war and were never allowed to go back,# even though there were many U.N. resolutions.

And so we are not seeing so far a Palestinian# movement.

Despite the heavy bombing, we have## not seen Palestinians crowd on the Egyptian# border, for example.

They do want to stay on## their land.

And Jordan and Egypt are helping# them do that by indicating to the Israelis,## to everyone, indeed, that the border# will be closed, because opening the## borders is going to help Israel empty the# Palestinian territories of its population.

NICK SCHIFRIN: And, again, it is not# Israeli policy to do exactly that,## empty these territories, we should say,# and the government specifically says that.

Let's look forward on the day after.# Jordan and Egypt have both publicly## refused U.S. requests to involve Arab# troops into some kind of day-after plan## for Gaza.

Do you think they could be# persuaded otherwise?

And do you think,## ultimately, the Palestinian Authority# will be part of ruling Gaza the day after?

MARWAN MUASHER: Nick, the emphasis# by Arab states, by Jordan and Egypt,## certainly, is not just on who is# going to rule Gaza on the day after.

We need to understand that things after October# 7 cannot be the same as before October 7,## that the root goals should be the end of the# occupation, not who rules Gaza, and then we go## back to business as usual.

Any political process# that the United States initiates cannot be an## open-ended process in which negotiations# take place forever with no end in sight.

And the endgame is the end# of the occupation.

And then,## once that endgame is defined, we can# reverse-engineer a process and talk## about the steps needed to get us there.

But# to talk about a political process once again## that is open-ended means that we have not# learned any lesson from what has happened.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Secretary of State Antony# Blinken released a series of no's,## things that it did not want Israel to do# after the war, including reoccupy Gaza.

President Biden has repeatedly talked about the## two-state solution in recent days# and weeks.

MARWAN MUASHER: Well, the United States# and the international community has talked## about two states forever, for about 30# years, since the Oslo process began.

If we are serious about the two-state# solution, then we have to, again,## work for steps to end the occupation.

A# Palestinian state on the West Bank and## Gaza cannot emerge if the occupation is there.# And so any political process has to have at its## objective first an end to the occupation# in order to establish a Palestinian state.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Marwan Muasher, former foreign# minister of Jordan, thank you very much.

MARWAN MUASHER: Thank you.

NICK SCHIFRIN: In the day's other headlines: The# fire is out in a small Eastern Kentucky town,## and, today, residents are returning home after# a CSX train wreck derailed Thanksgiving there.

The train caught fire and spilled molten# sulfur on Wednesday.

Officials urged the## roughly 200 people in Livingston to leave# while they tested for sulfur dioxide,## which can cause breathing problems.# Some of the evacuees sheltered in a## school.

CSX said it would reimburse them,# including with a Thanksgiving dinner.

Police in Niagara Falls, New York, spent this# day investigating Wednesday's explosion at a## border crossing with Canada.

In this# slowed-down security camera footage,## a speeding car vaults into the air at# the Rainbow Bridge.

A witness captured## the fiery aftermath.

The couple in the car# were killed.

Three other border crossings## closed briefly as a precaution, but federal# investigators have ruled out terrorism.

New York City Mayor Eric Adams is denying# that he sexually assaulted a woman in 1993## when he worked for the police department.# A civil summons filed Wednesday in state## court asked for a trial and $5 million# in damages.

The mayor responded today.

ERIC ADAMS (D), Mayor of New York:# My career speaks for itself and just## really something absolutely that has# never happened.

And I don't even r ever meeting the person who made the# -- this allegation.

But I have a city## to run.

And I'm focused.

And I have to# make sure that we continue to do so.

NICK SCHIFRIN: The court filing# says the plaintiff also worked for## the city at the time of the alleged# assault, but g Police raids in Germany today targeted members and# supporters of Hamas.

In Berlin, officers wea face masks removed bags and large containers from# apartments.

Germany bans even public statements## supporting Hamas.

The interior minister said# Islamists and antisemites must not feel safe.

NANCY FAESER, German Interior Minister# (through translator): Those who want to## be a part of our society cannot at the same# time question Israel's rig We will continue to fight the battle against# antisemitism with full force and determination,## especially where it shows itself# as Islamists ready to use violence.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Germany's crackdown began# earlier this month.

Officials estimate## there are about 450 Hamas members across the# country helping finance the In Nepal, protesters came out# in the tens of thousands today## demanding the monarchy be restored.# Riot police stood face-to-face with## demonstrators blocking them from downtown# Katmandu.

Some in the crowd threw stones,## and officers beat them with bamboo batons# and fired tear gas.

Nepal's monarchy was## abolished in 2008 after protests forced# an end to the king's authoritarian rule.

There's word that former President Trump will# visit Argentina to meet with the country's## new president-elect.

Javier Milei's office says# the two men made the plans in a phone call last## night, but gave no date.

The libertarian# populist is often compared to Mr. Trump.

And back at home, Americans celebrated this# Thanksgiving with all the usual trimmings,## feasts, football, flashy parades.

Tom Turkey# helmed the annual Macy's Parade in New York,## known for its inflatable characters.

This year,## they included Baby Yoda of Star Wars# floating among Manha And in Philadelphia, revelers gathered for the## nation's original Thanksgiving# Day Parade.

That d Still to come on the "NewsHour": we speak with the# youngest NCAA Division I coach about her team's## national championship; an editor at "Food & Wine"# offers recommendation what to pour tonight and## the future of the wine industry; finding Fido, how# drones can help rescue lost dogs; plus much more.

This has been the season of# organized labor's discontent,## but also big labor gains from Hollywood to the# United Auto Workers.

And picket line including hundreds of Macy employees# planning to strike in Washington state## tomorrow, on Black Friday, and the ongoing# teachers union strike in Portland Oregon.

John Yang examines what it all means.

JOHN YANG: There have been a number of# high-profile strikes this year, autoworker Hollywood writers and actors and health care# workers, and other work actions have b averted by last-minute deals, UPS drivers# and Las Vegas hotel workers, for instance.

All of them resulted in major# gains for members of those unions.

Lauren Kaori Gurley covers# labor for The Washington Post.

Lauren, why do you think the unions are on such a# winning streak at the bargaining t LAUREN KAORI GURLEY, The Washington# Post: There are a lot of different## reasons this is happening.

I# One is that we have historically a very tight# labor market r pandemic, there have for much of the past few# years been two job openings available for every## unemployed worker.

And this means that workers# have a lot of leverage with their employers right## now, which makes it more likely that they feel# willing at this moment to sort of take risks,## to demand more, because they know, if they get# fired, that they can go out and get another job.

At the same time, you also have inflation,# which has been scorching hot over the past## few years.

And so workers are really feeling# sort of the pinch on their pocketbooks.

Their## earnings aren't going as far.

And so that's one# reason why we have seen a lot of labor activity.

I would say the other thing started before# the pandemic, which is that there has just## been really broad, positive popular support for# unions.

Popular support for unions an all-time low during the Great Recession,# and it's been on the rise subtly since then.## And I think there's just this heightened# awareness about inequality in this country.

So, now, like, you have about 67 percent# of Americans saying they support unions.## And in a lot of the major labor disputes this# summer, UAW, the Hollywood union, Americans sai a vast majority of Americans said in a Gallup poll# that they support workers in these labor disputes.

JOHN YANG: You say that workers# seem more willing to take risks.

I think we have seen new tactics from the unions# on thi they'd never done before.

You're also hearing# them being a little more strident.

Do you think## there's a new generation of union leader and# that this is sort of reflecting their new role?

LAUREN KAORI GURLEY: Totally.

So, unions.

There was all -- there were many# decades throughout the '90s and 2000s,## where the sort of style of union leadership# was a little bit more chummy with big business.

I think we have seen workers sort of oust the# old leadership and bring in these new leaders,## especially at the Teamsters and the# United Auto Workers.

They have elected## these new leaders who are a lot more# aggressive.

They're making way more ambitious demands.

And they're also involving# the workers a lot more in thei These aren't sort of behind-the-scenes# deals.

These are deals that workers are## very much involved in for the first time.

And# workers' expectations are very high.

And so,# when workers have very high expectations,# union leaders do not want to disappoint.## So they take workers out on strike, and they# sort of just don't back down until they get## much higher wage increases and victories into# their contracts than they had in the past.

JOHN YANG: And these companies who've# been on the losing side of this,## what do they say about these new contracts# they have ag affect their bottom lines?

How is it going# to affect the prices they charge consumers?

LAUREN KAORI GURLEY: Yes, so I think# prices are going to go up.

We know## that's true in Hollywood.

I believe# it's also true with the auto in Executives have threatened that, with these really# strong new contracts, they might -- workers might## start to see fewer jobs.

They could have jobs# sent overseas.

They could see more workplaces## close down.

We haven't seen that yet, and# it's yet to be seen.

But I think this is## sort of the way that business has sort of been# describing the situation from their perspective.

They also say, coming out of the pandemic, there# have been severe supply chain shortages and labor## shortages, and they're already grappling# with that, as well as a lot of industry## transformations.

Hollywood has transformed# massively with the rise of streaming platforms.## The auto industry is trying to deal with# sort of the transition to electric vehicles.

There are a lot of moving parts# for the companies as well.

JOHN YANG: And while these# unions seem to be doing ot her workers are having trouble# organizing, for Amazon.

What are the hurdles they're facing# that they're having a hard time LAUREN KAORI GURLEY: Yes, so I would# say that it's very important to remember## that a lot of these unions, like the# Teamsters, the United Auto Workers,## the union that represents Hollywood, those# unions have been around for close to 100 years.

You're seeing a lot more difficulty# with that, Amazon and Starbucks,## because those are nascent unions, right?# Those are two massive American employers## that historically have not been# unionized, that are very anti-union,## that are sort of pulling all the shots to# sort of crush unionization at their And so that process takes a lot longer to# unionize all of their work forces.

I mean,## they have barely even started.

And so# I think that there's a lot more to go,## and it's yet to actually be seen whether workers# will be able to organize Amazon and JOHN YANG: As you said earlier, public support# for unions has been growing, but the proportion## of workers who belong to unions has been going# down steadily for the past several decades.

How do you reconcile those two things?

LAUREN KAORI GURLEY: Yes, it seems# sort of like right?

Labor unions are extremely popular,# I think, last year, union membership in# the United States fell to a historic low## at 10.1 percent.

And that's only actually 6# percent of workers in the private sector.

That,## like you said, has been in decline since the# 1980s.

And I think the process, like we're## seeing at Starbucks and Amazon, of organizing# workers into unions is totally different now.

Workers who are already in unions going on# strike were already very organized.

But those## are two separate things.

And so what will be# extremely interesting, I think, to see here,## whether the labor movement can capitalize on# this moment and actually bring new workers## into unions and sort of rebuild what they# have lost over the years since the 1980s.

JOHN YANG: Lauren Kaori Gurley of The# Washington Post, thank you very much.

LAUREN KAORI GURLEY: Thank you so much.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Last year, the U.S. exported# more than 950 million tons of plastic waste## meant for recycling, and a significant# portion of that ended up in Southeast Asia.

The region has been inundated after China## blocked all but the cleanest# plastic waste impo Special correspondent Fred de Sam# Lazaro looks at how one country,## Thailand, is dealing with the problem.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Plastic is everywhere in# Thailand, used by street vendors for curries,## soups and sauces, in fruit and vegetable markets,# grocery stores and everywhere in between.

About two million tons of plastic# waste were generated every year## in Thailand over the past decade.# Sittipong Lerdveelawut, and his wife,## Supreta Lukshampad (ph), built their# family business around recycling plastic.

SITTIPONG LERDVEELAWUT, Sunee Recycle 59 Group# (through translator): We buy recycled plastic,## then grind it down into little part wash it again.

The end product turns out into# some fine particle, kind of like sugar.

And,## basically, that is used for other factories# to make recycled plastic products in Thailand.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: It's tedious and far from# straightforward.

There are thousands of different## types of plastic with different additives, and# they cannot be melted down together.

The highest## premium is on cleaner stuff.

At this East Bangkok plant, a worker spends# his day peeling labels off pi bottles.

And, overall, only a small# fraction of plastic is repurposed,## according to Wijarn Simachaya, president# of the Thailand Environment Institute.

WIJARN SIMACHAYA, President,# Thailand Environment Institute: Only## 25 percent, and the rest g FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Seventy to 80 percent# of the land-based plastic waste... WIJARN SIMACHAYA: Yes, go to the canal, and# then to the river, and then to the ocea FRED DE SAM LAZARO: OK, so that's a# significant amount of plastic pollution.

WIJARN SIMACHAYA: Yes.

FRED DE SAM LAZA after China, a major importer of# used plastic, banned the practice,## sending the business of plastic waste into# Southeast Asian countries like Thailand.

Estimates range from 150,000 to more than 550,000# tons, but actual figures could be even higher.

PUNYATHORN JEUNGSMARN, Ecological Alert# and Recovery Thailand: And that's when the## plastic waste impo FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Environmentalist Punyathorn# Jeungsmarn says ne sprung up to take on the new glut, with# little regulation.

He works with EARTH,## a Thai group that documents the# impacts of industrial pollution.

PUNYATHORN JEUNGSMARN: And we were# also seeing a lot more communities## that are affected by dirty recycling# factories and plasti WATCHAREE SAMANGIN, Community Health Volunteer# (through translator): They hire some people to## separate the dif would be gathered into a pile# and burned in an open area.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Watcharee Samangin is a# community health volunteer in a rural area## of Chon Buri province about 65 miles# east of Bangkok.

She says people she## served began to notice health impacts they# blamed on a nearby plastic recycling plant.

WATCHAREE SAMANGIN (through translator):# People living near where they burned the## plastic waste experienced it's worse at night, so it causes a lot# of disturbance and other health issues.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Following complaints# and protests, the plant was shot down.

PUNYATHORN JEUNGSMARN: We have found that# in Chon Buri province, in particular,## there are smaller facilities dealing with# plastic waste, a FRED DE SAM LAZARO: We visited That Thong,# where a large plant owned by a company called## Ken United continues to operate.

It's guarded by# high walls and cameras, closed off Local residents worry not only about the# health impacts, but the environment in## an area dependent on agriculture.

Some 20 to# 30 families who live in the area surrounding## the Ken United factory have complained# to environmental groups and to local## authorities about health consequences they# have suffered since the factory came online.

But when we visited, no one was# willing to share their stories on## camera in this community.

It could be# a consequence of a defamation lawsuit## that's been filed by the company# against one family who spoke out.

Our attempts to reach the company, which# is owned by international investors,## were not successful.

Meantime, the flood of# imported plastic waste has depressed pr severely affecting the lives# of informal waste pickers,## who are key to collecting plastics for recycling.# They are some of this country's PUNYATHORN JEUNGSMARN: So,# when the plastic -- the price## of plastic waste goes down,there's less# ince FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Informal workers# like 66-year-old Thongsri Kaewkalong,## whose only wages are what she# receives for the scrap she collects.

THONGSRI KAEWKALONG, Waste Collector (through# translator): Before, my daily earnings were about## $27.

Now they shrunk to $8.40 FR ED DE SAM LAZARO: Her meager# earnings are based on how much## they can carry.

It's often a job of last# re Bunthom Fangrith is 72.

BUNTHOM FANGRITH, Waste Collector# (through translator): I was laid## off fr support myself and my daughters.

My# daily profit now is just 100 baht.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: That's less than $3.

VARAWUT SILPA-ARCHA, Former Thai Former# is FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Varawut Silpa-archa is a## former minister of natural# VA RAWUT SILPA-ARCHA: We have had quite a# few cases where I have kindly requ concerned authorities to shut a container# and return it to its rightful owner.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Thailand announced# it will restrict plastic waste imports## starting next year and completely ban# the shipments starting in enforcement is a challenge.

Shipments can be# mislabeled or simply smuggled past a customs## system that isn't fully transparent and# not equipped to inspect all containers.

PUNYATHORN JEUNGSMARN: It's possible to# import certain waste as paper.

We have## seen plastic waste falsely# declared as paper before.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: And it's harder to enforce at# the local level, according to Wijarn Simachaya WIJARN SIMACHAYA: Some decision-makers don't care## about environmental issues# like garbage, wast FRED DE SAM LAZARO: The decision-makers,# the local politicians... WIJARN SIMACHAYA: The local politicians.

FRED DE FRED DE SAM LAZARO: It's estimated# that the Chao Phraya Riv about 4,000 tons of plastic waste# into the Gulf of Thailand each year.

Former Minister Varawut has a message to rich# nations, from where much of it comes: You own it.

VARAWUT SILPA-ARCHA: For those who produces# all these rubbish and try to dump it somewhere,## I must say, please, deal with your own# mess.

Don't dump it on someone else's,## because, eventually,it's not just us that's# going to be affected.

It's you as well.

When Mother Nature kind of takes back her balance,## mankind will be affected.

So, please,# stop doing what you are doing.

FRED DE SAM LAZARO: Plastic waste exports have# steadily declined over the past decade, in part## because of China's ban.

Still, in 2021, the U.S.# exported some 1.2 billion pounds of scrap plastic.

For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Fred# de Sam Lazaro in Bangkok, Thailand.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Fred's reporting is a partnership## with the Under-Told Stories Th e youngest coach in NCAA Division I sports# this year just took home a national championship.

Amna Nawaz spoke earlier this week with the# rookie head coach of the Tar Heels field hockey## team about the victory that redefines# what a player-turned-coach can achieve.

AMNA NAWAZ: As a player on the University of North# Carolina's field hockey team, Erin Matson made## history.

She was a three-time national player of# the year and a four-time national champion.

Then,## two months after graduating in 2022, Matson# was named head coach of that same team.

Now 23 years old, in her first season at the# helm, the NCAA's youngest Division I coach led## the Tar Heels to yet another national title,# defeating Northwestern in double overtime.

And coach Erin Matson joins me now.

Coach, welcome to the# "NewsHour," and congratulati ERIN MATSON, Head Coach, University of North# Carolina Field Hockey Team: Th you.

I l AMNA NAWAZ: So we believe you are now# the youngest championship-winning coach## in NCAA Division I history.

How does that feel?

ERIN MATSON: Insane.

It still does not# feel real.

I was talking, obviously,## with the staff today, with the girls.# Everyone is still in just utter di And it's just been a blur, a whirlwind,## but a beautiful one.

So proud.# It's been quite the season,## and there's no group that's more deserving.# So, it's, yes, hard to put it into words.

AMNA NAWAZ: Fair to say it was a bit# of a nail-biter at the end there,## went into double overtime, came down# to pen How different was it to be a coach# on the sidelines in that moment,## as opposed to a player on the field?

ERIN MATSON: Oh, my goodness.

Yes, I would just get anxious and wanted to get# going and let's st And now you're giving the control# away.

I can motivate and prepare them,## but once that whistle blows, they're# the ones doing it.

And we have total## belief in them every single day,# every single game.

But, yes,## the nail-biters are definitely a lot more# intense and the emotions are way higher.

AMNA NAWAZ: But do you have to keep yourself from,## like, running ERIN MATSON: Yes.

And we know you want to put to play this time.

There's all the jokes.

They# know it's hard for me.

But at it's -- I had my time.

I had my fun.

And I'm lucky# I get to do it in a different way and help them.

But they make it a good time.

AMNA NAWAZ: So, when you got this job, it meant# you were taking over basically, right?

You helped lead the team as# a player to four consecutive national titles.

Some say, just like Michael# Jordan is the GOAT of basketball,## that Erin Matson is the field hockey# GOAT.

There are these great pictures## comparing the two of you side by side.

But# it also meant that you would be coaching## athletes you had been playing with just# last season, people you had lived with.

What was that adjustment like?# What was the hardest part?

ERIN MATSON: It's different.

The first talk I had with the team, I look, we're not going to pretend like# th is isn't unique.

It's part of it.

But from# the start, it was, one, naming it.

And I fortunate to have their support throughout the# interview process and applying and everything.

So it's not like it was -- it totally caught# them off guard.

But it's obviously different,## yes, when your former teammate walks in# the room and announced as your head coach.

From the beginning, we were transparent# about it.

We over-communicated.

I believe## in the power of communication.

They knew# my standards and expectations.

They knew## how I was as a player and as a captain# as a teammate.

And I'm not any different## now.

So it really was a team effort this# season and that's the only way it worked.

AMNA NAWAZ: I should also mention, I believe# you're also the only NCAA head coach to have## lived through the name, image and likeness# era as a player, otherwise known as NIL.

How has that changed how you advocate for# your players, how you view recruiting,## I mean, especially when you look at# the opportunities that women athletes## get these days, as compared to some of the# bigger money sports that m ERIN MATSON: Right, yes, definitely.

I mean, NIL is d out here like football players and basketball# players and everything you see all over the## place.

But it's definitely an added layer to# everything that goes into college athletics.

And it's a tool that I will lean on# and say, yes, I have experience in,## and as a player.

And coaches can understand# the rules, but they didn't go through it.## They didn't juggle the time management.

They# didn't go -- have to go over contracts and## have the conversations while turning in# a paper at the same -- the same night.

So, to say that I have experience# with it and can help with it,## it definitely helps with recruiting and the# confidence in the girls now when they enter## those opportunities.

So that is ever changing,# as well.

No one knows.

Tomorrow, NIL is going## to look different than it did today.

And it's just# the world we live in right now in college sports.

AMNA NAWAZ: Erin, as you know, there# are a lot of coaches out there,## not just field hockey, but basketball, football soccer and so on, who go their whole careers# Yo u have now done it in your very first season as## head coach.

Any advice you want to# share for other co ERIN MATSON: Oh, man.

practice planning and all of that.

Every# coach is hired because they know how to do## that.

It's more the motivation and the# trust you can instill in your players,## while holding them to high standards# and expecting a lot, but also just## doing everything you can to create a very# stable, secure team atmosphere and cult And I think we found that balance# this season of, they trusted me,## but I made sure they felt that confidence and# self-belief and bravery in themselves too.

AMNA NAWAZ: That is coach Erin Matson,# head coach of the University of North## Carolina Tar Heels field hockey# team, this year's national champions.

Coach, congratulations.# Thanks again for joining us.

ERIN MATSON: Thank you so much.

NICK SCHIFRIN: The wine you might be pairing# your turkey with shouldn't be taken for granted,## because climate change is threatening# wine production across the globe.

Geoff Bennett spoke recently with a wine# expert about the state of wine production## and got some recommendations# on which bottle to try next.

GEOFF BENNETT: The ever-expanding world of# wind looks a bit different today compared## to 50 years ago.

While consumption has# increased, the accelerating effects of## climate change have forced the industry to# adapt and adopt more sustainable practices.

We're going to dive into that part of the# business with noted writer and editor in## this industry who's out with a new book.# It's called "The World in a Wineglass:## The Insider's Guide to Artisanal, Sustainable,# Extraordinary Wines to Drink Now."

And it's written by Ray Isle.

He's also# executive wine editor for "Food & Wine."

Ray, thanks so much for being with us.

RAY ISLE, Author, "The GEOFF BENNETT: As we have reported recently on# the lowest level in some 60 years.

What accounts# for that and how are wine producers coping?

RAY ISLE: Well, there's a number# of things that account for it.

One is drying up, I guess you would say, lower price level of wines, in Europe, especially,# where the youngest generation kind of doesn't want## to drink with their parents or drinking.

And so# the supermarket level of wines there has shrunk.

But there's also been a lot of climate issues# which have affected grape production.

You see## it around the world, which is what the# climate is doing, everything from fires## in California, to hail in the wrong season# in France, to heat spikes And then all this makes growing# grapes for wine quite difficult.## People manage.

They keep going.

They# adapt to the climate shifting on them, but it's definitely thrown some wrenches# at vintners' ways, I guess you would say.

GEOFF BENNETT: There's been so much# consolidation in the wine and spirits industry.

Reading this book, I was shocked# to learn that much of the wine## consumed around the world comes from# just a handful of producers, RA Y ISLE: Yes, it's true.

I on store shelves are brands that are owned# by three or four or five companies.

And I## wanted to write this book to write about# wineries that are working sustainably or## organically that are run by people who live# at the vineyard,who are on the vineyard,## are trying to express something of# a place and of personal passion.

And a lot of wines are not that.

They're# made in 100,000-gallon tanks and they're## enzymatically pushed through fermentation and# zapped with liquid tannins and whatever you## want.

And it makes a very pleasant beverage# product, I guess is the way you would say it.

That wasn't what I was after with this book.# I wanted to get to the kind of soul of wines## that really -- we're about the land, as an# agricultural product, as well as a drink.

GEOFF BENNETT: Yes, you# referred to the book.

Really,## it's an encyclopedia in (LAUGHTER) you talk about learning to describe wine based# on the stories RAY ISLE: Yes.

GEOFF BENNETT: ... less so by the point system.

RAY ISLE: Yes, I think the point# system i and partly because -- and I# have noticed this working "Food & Wine," as I talk to consumers.# And I talk to yo There's just more and more interest in how# a wine was made and what you're putting in your body when you're drinking# it.

And then the point system,## you don't get more points for being# organic And, additionally, it adds a kind# of pseudo-objective rating.

I mean,## it's really subjective, as we know.

All# critics ratings are subjective to some## degree.

But you say 94 points, and it sounds# very official.

And it's an opinion, as we GEOFF BENNETT: Well, you were kind enough to give## us some recommendati So walk us through what you're recommending# th RAY ISLE: These are all wines# that come from the book that## are also just terrific for the Fi rst one is a Grgich Hills sauvignon blanc# from Napa Vall large winery.

And what's interesting to me# is, they work organically and regeneratively,## which involves keeping cover crops on the ground,# so the soil life -- soil stays alive, essentially.

But they do it at scale.

They have got a# couple of hundred acres of vineyard.

So,## they produce quite a lot of wine, but they# farm very responsibly at the same time.

And## this is a gorgeous sauvignon blanc.

It's# classic Napa Valley, a plus a little bit of melon character,# adaptable to anything you might want to eat.

GEOFF BENNETT: And then# you also recommended a red?

RAY ISLE: Yes, and then so# th Chateau de Beaucastel, it's one of my favorite# quotes one of the great chateau nouveau# producers in France.

They have## been farming organically since 1950.# They have never put it on the label.

And Marc Perrin, who's the family that# owns it, said to me, his father said## to him there are the people who go to# church because they believe and there## are the people who go to church so they# can tell everybody they went to church.

So they have been organic for a# long time.

They don't promote bu t that's -- they believe in it.

And# it's just a gorgeous Southern Rhone rich fruit, lots of power, lots of# flavor, sort of perfect for cold w And then Lyndenhurst.

Spottswoode is one# of the great Napa Valley wineries.

Their## top cabernet costs a lot, but it's a great# cabernet.

They too have been -- they're in## the early wave of sort of organic# farming in Napa back in the 1990s.

But their Lyndenhurst wine, which# is their affordable cabernet,## is -- it's a beautiful bottle of cabernet,# re I say -- when you talk about organic# grape growing, that's not a flavor.## It doesn't -- the wine won't taste different# or weird compared to a normal Napa cabernet.

It's really a philosophy and approach to the land## and a way of farming that doesn't# involve a lot of agrochemicals.

GEOFF BENNETT: The book is "The World in a# Wineglass: The Insider's Guide to Artisan Sustainable, Extraordinary Wines to Drink Now."

Ray Isle, thanks for your time.

RAY ISLE: Thank you so much fo NICK SCHIFRIN: Finally# tonight, finding Fido by drone.

Off-the-shelf drones have transformed the# battlefield.

Now they are wi th man's best friend, as special correspondent# Malcolm Brabant saw in Southern England.

MALCOLM BRABANT: We have just driven for# about two-and-a-half-hours across the English## countryside in Southern England to a village# called W and we're joining people looking# for a black Labrador called Xena,## who's 1-year-old and who has# been missing for a few days.

The drone pilots have been up.

There have been# some positive sightings, but Xena is nervous, and she took flight and disappeared.

And# there's only about an hour to go before nightfall.

We're following actress Eryl Holt,# who became Xena's owner a month ago## after the young Labrador was rejected as# a gun dog because she was easily spooked.

ERYL HOLT, Dog Owner: Unfortunately, somebody# came round to visit, and they had a very## high-pitched voice, a very bumptious dog, and# I think it was just the last straw for her.

And I suddenly turned around,# and I went, where's the dog?

MALCOLM BRABANT: Earlier, the area was# scanned by a drone that can detect the## body heat of a scared puppy# or an invading infantryman.

SHANE PHILLIPS, The Hampshire Drone Company:# The Ukrainian government have purchased th particular model because of the ther very short supply at the moment.

So I was lucky,# luckily managed to g MALCOLM BRABANT: Shane Phillips# is a commercial drone pilot who## normally makes films, but volunteers for# sear SHANE PHILLIPS: Dogs tend to hide in quite dense## undergrowth.

They're never# usually out in the open.

But with the drone, especially with thermal# ca We can scan this whole field area here in a# matter of seconds.

And at least we can say,## there's no dog here, and you can# focus your efforts elsewhere.

ERYL HOLT: I'm very frightened for her,# really,because she doesn't know th of the country at all.

She's only 1.

This# is just the perfect place for her to be,## because there are no main# roads around here at all.

But if she was to stray further, we have got# really, really busy road MALCOLM BRABANT: As the light fades fast, a# farmer's convinced that he's spotted the Labrador.

ERYL HOLT: It's definitely her.

MAN: I think I can see her.

ERYL HOLT: Yes, I know.

I can to Shall I go and get John (ph)?

MAN: That's not a deer.

ERYL HOLT: No, it's not.

MALCOLM BRABANT: But t Xena faced her third night alone, while her# owner endured a tumult of anxiety and hope.

Similar emotions flowed at the# biggest reservoir in North Wales,## when a dog walker's idyllic country# stroll went pear-shaped.

Her charge,## Charlie (ph), a venerable spaniel,# suddenly vanished into thin air.

LYDIA DAVID, Dog Owner: As the# evening went on and the night drew in,## we became more and more anxious that# we weren't going t MALCOLM BRABANT: Charlie is the best# friend Lydia David will ever have.

LYDIA DAVID: There was no way that we were# leaving that night wit awful experience to go through, one that I# wouldn't wish on anyone.

We just wante get him back to where he belonged, back to# the people that loved him, back to safety.

TIM SMITH, Pilot, Drone SAR# For Lost Dogs U.K.: Launching.

MALCOL Tim Smith spotted Lydia's SOS post in# a Facebook dog search-and-res TIM SMITH: A lot of people consider drones to be a## nuisance, but we actually use them# to f particularly in the weather conditions in North# Wales, a lost dog can be in a lot of trouble.

MALCOLM BRABANT: The odds weren't encouraging.

TIM SMITH: Charlie was deaf, start with.

Nobody could understand what# had happened, because we covered the land,## and we actually flew over where# Charlie was, and nobody saw him.

MALCOLM BRABANT: But then the dog# Walker pointed to the place where## Charlie disappeared.

Tim reached# for dot in the middle shows Charlie# trapped on the water's edge.

WOMAN: Got him.

I have got him.

(CRO LYDIA DAVID: We're so incredibly lucky# that Tim saw that post that night,## that he was able and happy to come out and# help us.

Everyone did as much as they could,## and that's what got Charlie back home safe to us.

TIM SMITH: I came away on an incredible# high.

Yes, I'm still buzzing.

MALCOLM BRABANT: These are just some of the# dogs who've gone missing in the past couple## of weeks.

Every day, on average, there are 10# new ap The group can call on 2,500# drone pilots.

And, to date,## they have reunited nearly 3,000 dogs with# their families.

Hope is running out in## Cornwall in Southwest England, a landscape# pitted with abandoned tin and copper mines.

Douglas went missing after# his owner went for a run.

ELODIE SPARROW, Dog Owner: I had him since I was,## I think, 10 years old.

And so he's# basically grown MALCOLM BRABANT: Elodie Sparrow is# a student of Mandarin and bereft.

ELODIE SPARROW: He's been through# really hard times in our life,## and he's been such a comfort.

And he's# definitely a big part MALCOLM BRABANT: This is Douglas in# happier times near Elodie's home.

JOHN DAVIES, Pilot, Cornwall Search Dogs:# He's a 12-year-old cocker sp is quite infirm.

And he's blind# and probably is hard of hearing.

MALCOLM BRABANT: John Davies is a former police## dog handler who takes to t JOHN DAVIES: They're hiding.

They're# probably in the feral dog syndrome,## the wild syndrome that they go# into after a time of being out of## their family.

They're scared.

They're# frightened.

They want to hunker down.

Alas, at this point, we# actually haven't found Douglas.

ELODIE SPARROW: It feels really# strange not to have him with us,## but, also, it's horrible to have to worry# ERYL HOLT: Hello, Xena.

MALCOLM BRABANT: Back lured by a pile of scented clothes,# including Eryl's husband's dirty underwear.

ERYL HOLT: We have got Xena home at last, which# is really, really fantastic.

She's very tired,## and she's had a good meal.

And now she's# just nodding off on her favorite sofa.

Thank you.

SH ERYL HOLT: Oh, t SHANE PHILLIPS: No problem.

ERYL HOLT: Brilliant.

ERYL HOLT: Yes, hopefully never agai MALCOLM BRABANT: But as Xena luxuriates in home# comforts, For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Malcolm# Brabant in Southern England.

NICK SCHIFRIN: May every lost dog find his or# her way back to the Thanksgiving table That's the "NewsHour" for tonight.

I'm Nick## Schifrin.

And be sure to join# For all of us at the "PBS# NewsHour," I hope you had## a good day.

Have a wonderful, happy Thanksgiving.